LL-37 (Cathelicidin)
For educational and research reference only. Not medical advice. Not for human or animal use. Research peptides are Research Use Only (RUO).
Amino Acid Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESAn interactive map of key discoveries, clinical trials, and major findings across 6 research milestones.
LL-37 was identified as the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, processed from the proprotein hCAP-18 in neutrophils.
Timeline compiled from published research literature for educational reference. Dates reflect first major publication or event; subsequent research continues to refine findings.
LL-37 is your body's natural antibiotic peptide — the only one of its kind in humans. Your immune cells and skin cells make it to fight off bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Think of it as a molecular Swiss Army knife for your immune system: it can punch holes in bacterial membranes, attract immune cells to infection sites, and help wounds heal. Its name comes from its two starting amino acids (Leucine-Leucine) and its length (37 amino acids).
LL-37 has multiple mechanisms: direct antimicrobial activity through membrane disruption (carpet model and toroidal pore formation), chemotaxis of immune cells, modulation of inflammatory cytokine production, promotion of angiogenesis and wound healing, and neutralization of bacterial endotoxins (LPS).
LL-37 is a well-characterized endogenous human peptide. Human studies have correlated LL-37 levels with susceptibility to infections. Vitamin D supplementation studies have examined LL-37 upregulation. Clinical research in wound healing and infection management.
Animal models have studied LL-37 and its orthologs in infection models, wound healing, and sepsis.
Extensive in vitro antimicrobial testing against broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. Well-characterized membrane interaction mechanisms.
Yes. Vitamin D directly regulates the expression of the LL-37 gene (CAMP). This is one reason researchers study the connection between vitamin D status and immune function — adequate vitamin D levels support the body's production of LL-37.
Susceptible to proteolytic degradation in serum. Modified analogs with improved stability are being researched. Lyophilized form recommended.
Research Use Only
For educational and research reference only. Not medical advice. Not for human or animal use. Research peptides are Research Use Only (RUO).